a.  for “general welfare”;  ends justify the means; restriction makes
sense to further GW (Helvering)
b.  clear conditions on the states; Congress must clearly say “if you
take this $, you give up your sovereign immunity”
c.  indy C’al bar rule:  no other section of the C provides an
independent bar; you don’t require state to violate a provision of
the C
d.    so long as there is an element of choice, it’s economic
inducement, not economic coercion.