Limitations on the rule
1. Inapplicable to grand jury proceedings
2. Inapplicable to civil proceedings
3. Must violate the Federal Constitution or a Federal statute – inapplicable to internal agency rules
4. Inapplicable to parole revocation proceedings
5. Good faith reliance
a. Police relied in good faith on:
i. Judicial opinions later changed
ii. Statutes or ordinances later ruled unconstitutional
iii. Defective search warrant
b. Exceptions to good faith reliance on a defective search warrant
i. The affidavit underlying the warrant is so lacking in probable cause that no office would rely on it
ii. Invalid on its face – fail to particularly name the place and items
iii. The officer lied to mislead the magistrate
iv. The magistrate wholly abandoned the judicial role
6. Use of excluded evidence for impeachment purposes
a. Statements received in violation of Miranda may be used to impeach the defendant’s testimony
b. All illegally seized evidence may be used to impeach the defendant’s testimony
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