a.  no generalized grievances (Flast taxpayer standing exception)
i.    can’t have general interest of a citizen that his gov’t behave
C’ally
ii.   as long as person in group alleges personal concrete injury,
that is okay (not generalized)
iii.  Raines v. Byrd: members of a political body do not have
standing to assert an institutional injury (institutional injury too
generalized to be individualized harm)
b.  a logical link btwn P’s status and claim (Flast taxpayer cases
only)
c.  no 3P standing
exception:
i.   injury in fact
a.  concrete and individualized
b.  causation (cause in fact of injury)
c.  redressability
ii.   close relationship:  if the party who enjoys the rt is
inextricably bound up w/ 3P’s right
iii.  substantial obstacle to asserting the right (or no benefit for
asserting the rt.)