Rule: The more precise the standards/guidelines laid down by Congress, the greater the likelihood that a proper delegation of power has occurred. The more vague, the greater the likelihood of finding the delegation unconstitutional.

Judicial reluctance to intervene, particularly in disputes about executive action in foreign affairs, has been grounded in the doctrine of political questions, or concerns about justiceability:
* doctrine of ripeness and nonjusticeability has been applied to avoid judicial involvement in controversies related to the use of military force in international conflicts (Jesse Chopps, Judicial Review and the Ntl. Political Process, 1980).