Trial: right to counsel
1. 6th am.: reversible error to deny at trial; for non-trial, harmless error test
2. Stages at which applicable: custodial interrogation (5th am); post-indictment interrogation whether or not custodial; prelim hearing to prosecute; arraignment; post-charge lineups; guilty plea and sentencing; felony trials; misdemeanor trials when imprisonment actually imposed; overnight recesses during trial; appeals of right
3. Stages at which NOT applicable: blood sampling; taking handwriting or voice exemplars; pre-charge or investigative lineups; photo i.d.; preliminary hearing to detain; brief trial recesses during A’s testimony; discretionary appeals; post-conviction proceedings
4. Waiver of right to counsel and right to defend oneself: there is a right to defend oneself if waiver of counsel is knowing and intelligent; no right on appeal
5. Effective assistance of counsel: presumed; national standards used; extends to 1st appeal; claimant must prove deficient performance by counsel and that but for deficiency the result of the proceeding would have been different in order to win an ineffective counsel claim
6. Conflicts of interest: automatic reversal if counsel informs court of conflict and court refuses to appoint new counsel